BD 581 
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Copy I 



A BOOK 



l' 



TYPE AND TYPES, 



u;ly discoursed of in a 



SERIES OF LETTERS. 



BY 



ROBERT BRUCE WARDEN, 



| | ■ . : | ' 



ZEZRHSTIEST INSTITUTE, 



1885. 




i 



A BOOK 



<> 1 



TYPE AND TYPES, 



FAMILIARLY DISCOURSED OF IN A 



SERIES OF LETTERS. 



P> V 



ROBERT BRUCE WARDEN, 



OF THE BAB A'l WASHINGTON. 



"JAN ^T|886 &■' 



D BY I HI 

ERNEST INSTITUTE, 



• 






W 2 - 



Copyright 1885. 



A BOOK OF 



Familiarly Discoursed of In a Series of Open 

Letters. 



I. 

Till ( LADfS AND YIELD OF TYrONOMIC DOCTRINE. 

TYPONOMIC, in effect, though not in name, dear 
Charlie, is much of the matter in a multitude of 
□9 and minor writings. 
For the benefit of Readers, who have not learned what 
the term. 7 r#, was coined by me to denominate, let 

me at once declare the sense in which I have long used 
I happy term. And, to that end, permit me to draw 

tion to this language of my Open Letter, ad- 
dressed to Doctor (Mixer Wendell Holmes, some years 
■ 

u 1 had the metal plate, from which the picture is 
printed, made from a card-picture, issued on a box of the 
Between-the-Acts. Below the picture on the 
'1 appear the words, * Mrs. Langl ree.' * 
" I consider likely thai the picture intimates at least 
the type of beauty that appears in the world-famous per- 
med. ll<>w far is she a type of I >ld World 
Wbmanh od I 
"Allow me to remind yon that you said In the Autocrat 

. in 1858 : 

■■ ■ [1 has always been s favorite idea erf mine to bring 
i lid and the New World face to fece, bv 
an accurate comparison of their various type.- of organi- 
Lon. We should begin with man, of cousse; in 

ire. 



2 1 and Tyi< 

a large and exacl comparison between tlio development 
of * Altieri called it, in different sec- 

insor each country, in the different callings, at differ- 
imating height, weight, force by the dyna- 
mometer and the spirometer, and finishing oil' with a 
>f typical photographs, giving t he principal national 
1 » 1 1 •inies.' 

"No doubt, you hav< mbled quite a gallery of 

mil e pictures, not a few of which arc typical <>f the 

Old World. 1 have,myself. I had, indeed, when, about 

i >f years ago, 1 wrote to you about Typonomy, the 

of the haw of Type. My gallery has had a large 

in. then. My Typonomic studies are in pail 

rd work, iii part tine play: and I have so delighted in 

them, that they have at no time been neglected, since 

hodical. 
" Fou answered very kindly the just mentioned letter, 
1 you wisely cautioned me against extreme ideas and 
what 1 distinguish as the province of Typo- 
I true r counsel has been faithfully re- 

gard 
■■ Aj9 for you, you seemed to think that you were not the 
rson to perform the work I would have had you und< 
Perhaps, your judgment was correct in that partic- 
ular. I > ut I have often doubted whether you ought not 
ipted to work out elaborately what you 
blined in the passage from which I have drawn 
ae sent< 
•• Sou Baid in the already-quoted chapter of your.4ttfo- 

B Tabk : 

• \ would follow this up by contrasting the various 
par, j of life in the two continents. Our natur- 

Ften referred to this incidentally or cx- 
t the animus of Nature in the two half-glol 
7 h<- pi;.: lomentoufl a poinl oi intei i >ur 

•,,it it should be made a Bubjecl of express and elab- 
Gto out with me into that walk which we 
fcfott, and i ' he English and A merica.i eh, 

- tall, graceful, slender-sprayed, and 
from languor. The English elm is compact, 



Type and Types. 3 

robust, holds its branches op, and carries its leaves for 
onger than our own native tree. 
« ■ [e this typical of the creative force on the two sides- 
lie ocean, or nol V 




"A rtion Beldom has been raised. 

You say, yourself , that it can be answered by nothing but 
• n through the whole realm of li 

• \ : , id, in 18 



4 IjffM ami '!)/{ 

•"There is a parallelism without identity in the ani- 
mal and vegetable life of the two continents which fav- 
ore tin- task of comparison in an extraordinary manner. 

9 we have two trees alike in many ways yet not 

me, both elms. yet easily distinguishable , just so we 
hav- mplete flora and a fauna which, parting from 

the Bame ideal, embody it with various modifications. 
Invent ive power is the only quality of which the Creative 
Intelligence Beems to be economical; just as with our 
largest human minds, that is t he <li vinest of 1 acuities, and 
the one that most exhausts the mind which exorcises it. 
As the Bame patterns have \rv\ eomnionly been followed, 

we can Bee which is worked oul in the largest spirit, and 
determine the exact limitations under which the Creator 
places the movement of life in all its manifestations in 
either Locality. We should find ourselves in a very false 
position, if it should prove that Anglo-Saxons can't live 
here, but die out, it* not kept up by fresh supplies, as Dr. 
Knox and other more or less wise persons have main- 
tained. It may turn out the other way, as I have heard 
one of our literary celebrities argue, — and though I took 
the other side, I liked his best, — that the American is 
Englishman reinforced, 1 
u Bow would you now decide? Or can you now de- 
ride at all ? Prom 1858 to 1881, how much have we ad- 
vanced in knowledge of the difference between the two 

If-globeS in point of life in plant and animal? 
•-Tin- work of Wallace on Island Life is worthy of 
more general and of profounder study than it will re- 
ceive, I have examined it with closely critical atten- 
tion, in as Ear as it relates to the particular concern of 
what I call Typonomy, and that concern is very largely 
eoi what -is offered to consideration in the work 

of Wallace which is under pasting notice here. 

omparison of thai work with the author's earlier 

work On Ou Geographical Distribution of Animals, will 

rve all thorough and methodic studies of the 

med Typononay." 

though I h. reral times already used, I think 

myself entitled, for convenience, to use again the follow- 



Type and Types. 5 

tag extract from an Open Letter T addressed to You, 

If, more than five years ago. That part is of this 

tenor, You will readily remember: "The term, Type, is 

in all n tfl felicitous. It is not wholly applicable 

ad, surely, character is generally not stamped. 

end, it is a gipwth not marked by great rapidity. 

• let us take the term in question L mean Type — as it 

-rally understood; and let us also still employ the 

in. Typonomy, to designate the science that associates 

3 of the typical (or typal), he it physical or 

chical, or both. Typonomy is the criterionic science 

winch determines what is true in sciences Like that which 

ii named Phrenology. Typonomy admits no theory 

that is not fully scientific, touching the diversities of 

Typ 

• cut next offered, hints a Rural Aspect of the Typo- 




d in this w<Tk. That Aspect I 

in time to time, for m. lived from, me at- 

i lily methodic na1 are, largely on ac- 

n intent ion, not yet given up, by me, to have, 

rricultnral account , a few "broad 

l." But absolutely all the Aj 

wli' or of War, (and Arms, conspicuously, I 



6 type and Tapes. 

liavo clearly shown to You,) are deeply interested in a fit 
advancement of Typonomy, 

I make no compromise respecting either Science or De- 
mination, here. Both are demonstrably entitled to what 
I demand for them. They are not trifles, to be studied 
or but spirted with, in leisure moments. Much of that 
which the cognitions of Typonoiuy include, ascends to 
the most elevated plane of scientific study; and the sub- 
of the Bcience is, I constantly maintain, preemin- 
ently marked by Beauty, Dignity, and Value. 
The just-quoted Letter also said to You: 

• You are aware that that which we call Type has been 

• inguished as the aggregate <>t' characteristics, and has 

en defined as - that which exemplifies certain char- 

: a model; a pattern; a specimen; as/ the cat 

of the genus Fi lis.* " 

u W r. having defined character as ' the assemblage 

of qualities which distinguish one person from another; 

particular constitution of the mind;' puts forward this 

translation of words written by Lavater: c Actions, looks, 

ds, steps, form the alphabet by which you may spell 

dial 

••The lexicographer then cites the words of Paley: 
• Eealth and sickness, enjoyment and suffering, riches and 
poverty, knowledge and ignorance, power and subjection, 
liberty and bondage, civilization and barbarity, have all 
their offices and duties; all serve for the formation of 
char 

11 see me, in the composition of these Letters, freely 
ttol originally written for. the present work. 
\ my pen-work has, however, had much publica- 
tion: why, I need not say. just now. Xor need 1, now, 
_rn any other reason for the use here made, or to be 

transfers from other 1 ks of mine, than that 

I have the right to make the transfers, and that to do so 

xpedienl . 

ling, lei me call attention to this language of 

!nhe. in his extremely interesting volume on 

T ( f Man, considered in Relation to External 

■■ Mental talents and dispositions are determined 



T]fpe and Types. 7 

by the size and constitution of the brain. The brain is a 

portion of our organized system, and, as such, is BuUe 

the organic laws, by one of which its qualities are 
transmitted by hereditary descent. This law, however 
taint or obscure it may appear in individual eases, be- 
con aolutely undeniable in nations. When we place 

the collection of Hindoo, Carib, Negro, New Holland, 
\ >rth American, and European skulls, possessed by the 
Phrenological Society, in juxtaposition, we perceive a na- 
tional form and combination of organs in each, actually 
• ruding itself upon our not ice, and corresponding with 
the mental characters of the respective tribes; the cerebral 
development of one tribe is seen to differ as widely from 
that of another as the European mind does from that of the 

New Hollander. Here, then, each I Iindoo,(/hinesc, Xew 

Hollander, Negro, and Carib obviously inherits from his 
par< neral type of head ; and so does each Eu- 

If. then, the general forms and proportions are 
thus so palpably transmitted, can we doubt that the indi- 
vidual varieties follow the saine rule, modified slightly 
by i liar to the parents of the individual 

This y, r< Bpectable as it must be allowed to be, 

makes quite too much of that which Agassiz and others 
ha ed to call Heredity. The theory, however, is 

entitled t<» a v.-ry thorough study. 

Si idy it right thoroughly, especially in view of your 
dfe. Again I counsel you to give full, 

2 ilar, methodic study to the various ideas and philoso- 
phies relal I liysique. 

Ph\ allow me to remind you, has been distin- 

rporeal part of that which we call ani- 
mal. The animal, in tla- most comprehensive sense, is 
that which lives in an organized, material body, gifted 
with the p and Of voluntary mol ion. 

One i talk of the physique thai ba to be dis- 

cerned in I and Vill But the physique 

I in Animala and Man is I hat with 
which T my is most concern* 

that I wrote to you, in 1880, used 
this lan_ 



8 / ' . ■ ■' Ti/pes. 

w I desire to put you on your guard against attributing 
too much to the oorporeal bart of our humanity. 

a Tou ;uv a student of Nomology, and you expect to 

I to the practice of the Law, next year. 
•• homology, according to my view, cognizes legal prin- 
ciples and legal facts. It comprehends both Polity and 
risprudence. It must have great interest in all the 
the elating to physique, and it must teach one to* 

be on his guard against all theories which are not truly 
scientific. 

• 1 endeavor to assist you to become a Nomologian of 
the first clasa But you cannot become a Nomologian of 
first <>rder If you tail to study thoroughly the learn- 
ing in relation to the human body. 

u What should I, your sole instructor, say to you about 
Phrenology? What ought I to advance, for your instruc- 
tion, touching Physiognomy? The answers to these ques- 
tions will be worked out in the course of the letter, 
which is here well on its way. But I desire at once to 
take all the Responsibility involved in owning that, in 
my opinion, neither Physiognomy nor Phrenology has 
»ut its case:' and that the theory, of the Phreno- 
nal, touching the propensities and capabilities 
of Garfield, seems to be hut little better than sheer 
nonsense. 

M I have studied both the Metaphysics and the Logic of 
Sir William Hamilton. I have not felt at liberty to dis- 
card his doctrine in relation to Phrenology. You have 
id from inc. by way of gift, the far from perfect 
edia, in which appears the article that says: 'At 
tnis time f 1 821 J phrenology was excil Ing special interest 
in Edinburgh. For the purpose of testing its pretensions, 
Sir William went through a laborious course of compar- 
isecting with his own hands several 
hundred different brains: Be sawed open a series of 
ills of different nations, of both sexes and all ages, to 
ascertain the facts in regard to the frontal sinus on which 
phrenologists had founded so much, lie also insti- 
tuted a series of experiments for ascertaining the relative 
size and weight of brains. The results of these investi- 



l)/pe and l)/pes. 9 

tkmfl wore embodied in two papers which he read 
before the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1826, main- 
taining that the assertions of tact by the phrenologists 

6 utterly false.' 

u This man was not betrayed by the consciousness that 

he had not a fine physique. The article just quoted 

furnishes the following description oi' the man of whom 

•lie entered upon his professorship with every 

qualification. His personal appearance was the very 
finest. Above the middle height, of B sinewy and well 

I frame, with a massive head, decisive and 
finely cut features, a dark, calm, piercing eye. perfect 
self-possession and reliance, finished courtesy of manners, 
and a voice remarkably distinct, silvery and melodious, 
In* stood before his hearers the perfection of a man in 

liy physical adornment. w Whatever,' says Mr. Haynes, 
his clas wistant, 'the previous expectations of Sir 
William's appearance might he, they were certainly real- 
id it' not surpassed; and,however familiar one might 
come with the play of thought and feeling 
on that noble countenance, the first impression remained 
aid the last ^ that it was perhaps altogether 
the finest head and face you had ever seen, strikingly 

me, and full of intelligence and power. When I" 

to read. Sir William's voice confirmed the impres- 

i his appearance and manner had produced. It was 

full, cl( lute, with a swell of intellectual 

ardor in the more measured cadences, and a tone that 

ami resonant in reading any striking extra 

ma t'a\ .1 hoi-, whether iii prose or poel vy from 

.;. Lucrel lus or Virgil, Scaliger or sir John 
quainl and nervous lines Sir William \' 
fon< 

•• Bear in mind that 1 am n<»l attempting 1<» make out 
thai f physique what Sir ( !hai 'id- 
am. in the pi; i f l lie Vesuvian crater ' 1 h< 
lothing in it. 1 On atrary, you know, I hold thai 

i a little in physique, in many ways, to indi- 
ability and tei 
•• U( )i do I ( >ffer, a ntoovei am hor- 



10 'J)/pe and Types. 

ity of Hamilton 1 ! opinion on the subject of Phrenology. 
That the opinion is important, no one will deny; but I 
admit that it is not an end of question, and that you 
will not vi time it' you examine for yourself the 

ins and reasoning of the Phrenologists. 

u My own opinion has boon formed with care. It has 

been neatly mfhtenfied } and yet it has been freely and 

quite independently made up. But I would have you 

form % opinion, on the subject under notice, and 

ing Physiognomy. 

M I have no doubt that, even while Sir William Ham- 
ilton was working on his anti-phrenologic showing, he 
was rather proud of his tine physical endowments. I 
have never known a man of line physique who did not, 
in sonic way. evince a high appreciation of the same. 
Moreover, men and women who are not endowed with 
fine physique, make much of it in other persons, and 

• pact ly. 

• Hawthorne had a fine physique. Here is a not ex- 
travagant description of him : 'He was a man as peculiar 
in character as he was unique in genius. In him oppo- 

qualitiea met, and were happily and harmoniously 
blended ; and this was true of him physically as well as 
intellectually. Be was tall and strongly built, with broad 
deep chest, a massive head, black hair, and 
large dark eyes. Wherever he was, he attracted atten- 
tion by his imposing presence. He looked like a man 
who might have hold the stroke-oar in a university boat. 
enius, as all the world knows, was of masculine 
ep. But, on the other hand, no man had 
; ' the feminine element than lie. He was femi- 
nine in his quick perceptions, his fine insight, his sensi- 
bility to beauty, his delicate reserve, his purity of feeling. 
man comprehended woman more perfectly ; none has 
painted woman with a more exquisite and ethereal pencil. 
ice was as mohile and rapid in its changes of 
expression as in the face of a young girl. His lip and 
aided the word before it was spoken. His eyes 
rid darken visibly under the touch of a passing erao- 
.. like the waters of a fountain ruffled by the "breeze 



Type and Types. 11 

of summer. So, too, he was the shyest of men. The 
claims and courtesies of social Life were terrible to him. 
The thought of making a call would keep him awake in 
hed. At breakfast, he could not lay a piece of butter 

upon a lady's plate without a trembling of the hand — 

this isa fact and not a phrase. Be was so shy that in 
the presence of two intimate friends he would be lees 
\ and free-Spoken than in that o\' only one/ 

"Turn now to Thackeray's physique and manner. lie 
is thus described: { He was tall and powerfully built, 

with a massive head and silvery white hair. His geni- 
ality, even temper, and kindly disposition toward every- 
body with whom he came into personal relations, were 
curiously at variance with the charge of cynicism 80 

.'ii brought against his works. Bis domestic life was 

cloud. -.I for several years by the insanity of his wife. 1 

"John Forster says of Dickens: c very different was 
his face in those days from that which photography has 

made familiar to the present generation. A look of 
youthfulness first attracted you, and then a candor and 
of expression which made you sure of the 
vithin. The features were very good. lie had 
a capital forehead, a firm nose with full wide nostrils, 
wonderfully beaming with intellect and running 
er with humor and cheerfulness, and a rather promi- 
nent mouth strongly marked with Bensibility. The head 
wac ^ether well formed and symmetrical, and the 

air and carriage of it were extremely spirited. The 

hai n1 and grizzled in later days was then of a 

rich brown and m<>st luxuriant abundance; and the 

rded face of his last two decades had hardly a vefltlge 

.»t' hair or whisker ; hut there was that in the face as I 

it which no time could change, and which 

remained implanted on it unalterably to the last. This 

was the quickness, keenness, and practical power, the 

t ie out look <»n each several feal ore, 

that seemed to teu so little of a studenl or writer oi 

i much of ;i man of act I m and business in 

world. Light and motion Bashed from every pari of 

/ -.iid of it . f'>ur <>r 



12 Type and Types. 

yean after the time to which I am referring, by a most 
original and delicate observer, the late Mrs. Carlyle. 

• What a fare is his to meet in a drawing-room !' wrote 
Leigh Hunt to me, the morning after I made them 
known to each other. ' It has the life and Soul of it of 
fifty human beings.' In such sayings are expressed, not 
alone the restless and resistless vivacity and force of 
which 1 have spoken, hut that also which lay beneath 
them of steadiness and hard endurance.' 

•• In short, the evidence that there prevails a disposi- 
tion to make much of that which is included in physique, 
amounts to perfect proof." 

One instance of Physique and Soul so perfectly harmo- 
nious in their relation to each other, I shall never cease 
to see, " in my mind's eye, Horatio," while I live. You 
know, at once, the instance that I mean. The Person I 
behold, however, is much younger, to my mental seeing, 
than She is to yours. You never even saw her until She 
had reached the age of four-and-thirty years. When 
She became my Wife, She had but seventeen years, and 
was full of the high charm of Health, and Grace, and 
Beauty, both in Body and in Soul. 

This is her Death-Day Anniversary. 

Dear Charlie, bear with me yet for a time — no long 
time, certainly, in any case. 

You must see, for yourself, that it must be impossible 
for me to grieve so, greatly longer. Life or Death — I 
know not which, hut, surely, either Death, the end of 
earthly Sorrow, or quick Life, that must go on its for- 
ward march with steps which Sorrowing can never take, 
must soon bring this, as yet, ungoverned Grieving to an 
end. 

Trust me. dear Sou, this day, in the respect just recog- 
nized. Your Work, and Play, and Rest, shall not be 
troubled L r iv ;t t]y Longer with my need of Sympathy in 

What a lustrous day this is! The place, moreover, 

where I write, is one of the choice places for the joys of 

ht. Perhaps, there is not, on this earth, a set of views,. 



Type and r J]>/j>< i 18 

the Type of which is finer than the Type of what is 
under view where \ am writing. 

Let me make the passing record, that I write, hot in 
my bo dearly charming dwelling-house, at the corner 
of Washington Circle and New Hampshire Avenue, in 
what my typonomic Btndies amply warrant me in calling 
matchless Washington, hut in the dwelling of my highly 
friendly and as highly valued friends, the Sherwoods, on 
tlie Beights of Anaeostia. The spot is, I am certain, 
unsurpassed in the line wealth of landscape-views, in- 
cluding Objects and Phenomena. The water-views are 
wondrously in harmony with land-views, and Nature 
here in association with some of the very noblest tonus 

\rt. 

In | of such scenery, how can I tail to strive, 

with good effect, for a new hold of Life? 

In passing vessels steamers and sailers — and in rail- 
way phenomena, there is an animation never rushing into 
she- as, and always free from too long pauses. Is 

it possible to make too much of it, Lover of the irlo- 
- in landscape ! 

In I e of these views, I once more find my- 

self — I often find myself — repeating Moore's fine lines: 

" Thou art, God ! the life and light 

Of all this wondrous world we see! 
Its glow by day, its smile by night, 

Are but reflections, caught from Thee ! 
Where'er we turn Thy glories shine, 
And all things fair and bright are Thine ! " 

Bow, think and feeling so, on this devoted day, 

could my remembrance fail to call up the peculiar lus- 

osnessof your sweet Mother's loveliness,as il delighted 
me in the day.- of her transcendent beauty of Physiq 

When one You rather intimately know was youi 

b at present .1 ed an essay, proving 

from the poets, thai cold marble cannot well exj 
Woman's I I [e a >no< d< d, that I iptor may 

expresfi . and / . and he V 

even willing to admit that theoi sented 

in the pure white marhle. But M warmly Mgued for a. 



14 Type, and Types. 

wanner, brighter, sunnier substance than the sculptor 
works in. when a woman's beauty is to be portrayed. I 
do not know that lie lias even yet repented of his folly 
in composing Buch an essay ; but I do know that he now 
* k insists as he insisted/' 

And the t'aney may not be entirely baseless. When 
we l«>ok into the question in the light of Science, we 
discover many reasons for adopting something like the 
theory of the aforesaid essay. And the poets will not 
Buffer us to think of any other theory. 

1 might amuse you with the proofs of this assertion 
by quotations from the leading poets. 

And I mil refer to several instances. 

The instance found in Shakspeare's Tempest is of a 
uliarlv Shakespearian character. 

The " < ) you wonder !" with which Ferdinand encoun- 

- Miranda, and his willingness to lie in prison, if "but 
through" his < k prison once a day/' he might "behold this 
maid/* prepare us for the scene in which the lover quite 
directly likens his beloved to the source of light. 

Miranda pities Ferdinand, exclaiming, 

" You look wearily." 

The tender and suggestive answer is : 

M No, noble mistress ; 'tis fresh morning with me, 
When you are by at night." 

Like pictures are to he discovered in many other plays. 
Bui all the wantonness of the conceit appears in Romeo 

and Juliet. Romeo speaks: 

" But, soft ! what light through yonder window breaks ? 
It is rhe east, and Juliet is the sun ! 
******** 

Her eye discourses ; I will answer it. 
1 am too bold ; 'tis not to me she speaks: 
Two of the fairc-i -tars in all the heaven, 
ng iome lo entreat her eyes 

twinkle in their spheres till they return. 
What if her eyee were there, they in her head? 
The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars, 
Aj daylight doth a lamp; her eye in heaven 
Would through the airy region stream so bright, 
That birds would sing, and think it were not night I" 



Type and Types. 15 

This "taking on" of tender, foolish Romeo is quite 
suggestive of a more modern poet's fancy: 

" And see ! the matin lark mistakes ! 
He quits the tufted green : 
Fond bird ! 'tis not the morning breaks ! — 
'Tis Kate of Abcrd>> 

The "breaking' 1 — that is to Bay the dawning — of the 
beauteous Kitty also brings to mind a ballad, which 
begins, 1 think, 

11 Up rose the Bun, and up rose Emily !" 

Indeed, all through the poets we can find the like 
conceit. We find it well expressed by Burns: 

M She, the fair sun of all her sex, 
Hast blest my glorious day ; 
And shall a glimmering planet fix 
My worship to its ray?" 

Though the poets he extravagant, we must acknowledge 
that their portraitures* of woman have presented her in a 

most lovely light. And we can better understand the 
love of Woman in mature and sober Manhood, when we 
tind how warmly colored are all poetical pen-paintings of 
her beauty. 

An enthusiast of sighl lias painted the physique of 
woman, not precisely as a Shakspeare would have painted 
it, hut yet in a sufficiently striking light : 

" Like to the clear in highest sphere, 
Where all imperial glory shines, 
Of self-same color is her hair, 
Whether unfolded or in twines. 

Il> r ftyee are sapphires set in snow, 

Refining heaven by every wink ; 
The god- vlien as they glow, 

And I do tremble when l thu 

Jler cheeks ire like the blushing cloii'l, 

urora's face ; 
t crimson shrow 
That Phoebo* 1 smiling looks <lotli grace. 

Her lips are like two budded roses, 

I in ranks of lilii igh ; 

Within which lie balm encloses, 

Apt to entice a deity. 



16 Type and Types. 

Her neck is like a stately tower, 

Where Love himself imprisoned lies, 

To watch for glances every hour, 
From her divine and sacred eyes. 

With orient pearl, with ruby red, 

With marble white, with sapphire blue, 

Her body everywhere is fed, 

Yet soft in touch and sweet in view. 

Nature herself her shape admires; 

The gods are wounded in her sight; 
And Love forsakes his heavenly fires, 

And at her eye9 his brand doth light." 

This picture, painted by the poet-actor, Thomas Lodge, 
is somewhat heathenish, and may be somewhat over- 
charged with colors. But it leads us well towards the 
gallery of portraits painted by the master in the art of 
portraiture by phrases. 

It is quite impossible to picture your sweet Mother as 
my " mind's-eye " views beheld her ; at the time when I 
composed many of the immediately foregoing paragraphs. 
Her Type of loveliness was not the one I that I call Isa- 
bellan: Isabella's hair was not of the dark — less than 
1) lark, and touched with auburn — color that shone in th6 
hair that was associated with the blue, " divine and sacred 
>f the very beautiful development of "Womanhood 
that was your Mother and my Wife. 'But many of the 
Venus-haired Isabella's intellectual and moral traits and 
tendencies, as we, in typonomic studies, have discerned 
them, came to my almost too blessed home in her whom 
it almost adored. 

To her, for me, imperishable memory, I solemnly and 
tenderly inscribe this book (a). 

: not overlook thai vrbat I have distinguished as the Memorial Number of my 

sine, il already dedicated to the memory of the same very lovely glory of her Sex. 

But • ration does not seem to me at all opposed to what is here done in the way 

Of tribute to the noble memory Of a Woman, never more than equalled as a Type of 

Womanhod. 

edition of my F<>ren.<ic Vino, (of which a serial edition has begun to be in circu* 
lation, i had a chapter on Typt Womanhood. The substance of a large part of that chapter 
will be retained In the Serial Edition. In composing the original, the special Type of 
Weenenh od thai 1 had moat In mind, and at heart, was none other than my own unutter- 
ably dear Wife. 

[tal to etata that the Memorial Number of my Magazine will be published — 

it is now in private circulation only — on the first day of December, 1885. 

That ntanaine Will have, for its eo workers, this book, as it serially grows , my serially 
publish- 1 F'.T'nir View, my little book, entitled Letters; and, I now expect, a book, (not 
published by the Krnest Institute,) entitled An Earnest Call; or, After Death. The Maga- 
zine will be of special interest to Martial Readers and to Legal Readers. 



Tffpt and Tf/pes. 17 

Of course, the very thought of her, calls up the sub- 
ject of diversity in Types of Health, both physical and 

psychical a subject which Typonomy regards with full 
and very tender care. 
My Lecture on Ow Sanitary Interests, (delivered at 

Marines Hall, in Washington, in April, 1*78,) is accessi- 
ble to You, in printed form. Please look at it, with 
special reference to its formulation of my theory against 
"Paternal Government " but in favor of Benevolent Gov- 
erment. Then look, I beg, at what the same discourse 

advances in respect to Health, especially in Woman, 

« the great Sufferer i^( Earth.* 1 

Now, let me say a few words on. the subject of the 
Types discernible throughout the wide extent of Mental 
Malady. 

On Sunday. March 13,1881, the Washington Post had the 
head-lines, Capt. Walker's Insanity — Remanded to the Asylum 
> X tr and a Half of Liberty ; and under these lines 
appeared this paragraph: "The case of Capt. John I\ 
Walker. Third Cavalry regiment, committed to the Gov- 
lueiit insane asylum by order of the Secretary of War, 
January 17, 1879, and brought before Justice dames of 
the District Supreme Court on a writ of habeas can 

!• 14. 1879, was yesterday decided by the Judge. 
Be held the proof showed a certain degree of insanity 
to exist in the subject of the proceeding, and that he 
must be remanded back to the custody of Dr. W, W. 
Godding, the superintendent of the asylum. The ques- 
tion of the power of the court to go behind the order of 
tary of Warwi 1 by ex-Governor Wells, 

who v cially retained to defend Dr. Godding. 

Judge James decided that he had jurisdiction to re- 
!i officer committed under such an order . if the 
stimony showed him to be sane. But he believed a 
less degree of insanity was required to be shown 

:nmittal than if the Secretary «»f | he 

r made a similar order in the case i i s civili 
This extra latitude. I. ight, was necessary, in or4er 

that the men might be ted to treatment. '! 

pt. Walker Mas I I \'^v two 



18 Type and Types. 

weeks to give Ins counsel, Mr. R. B. Warden, time to 
decide whether he will take an appeal to the Court in 
General Term or to the War Department. Judge James 
added thai if hie opinion was asked, he would say that 
from all the evidence before him, and especially the 
later testimony of Dr. Godding, that Capt. Walker had 
improved in tne year he had been at liberty in the care 
of his counsel, hie continued confinement was not desir- 
able. But he thought that the matter was so much one 
of doubt that the discretion of the Secretary of War 
the only Bafe and legal means of determining it." 

I do not here set forth my judgment as to the true 

( laptain Walker, mentally. But I feel bound to 

. that never was the Jurisdiction to inquire respecting 

Sanity or Insanity more alarmingly exercised than it was 

in the case here under passing notice. 

Be this as it may, the case caused me to thoroughly 
review the very comprehensive studies of Insanity that 
I went through before I was connected with that sad 
Affair. 

Among the studies just referred to, is a very careful 
of the frequently alleged insanity of John Brown, 
of Harper's Ferry fame. 

In that case, there was what is generally deemed ex- 

jive Philanthropical and Civic Sentiment. But was 
there an essentially insane devotion to that sentiment ? 

Let me relate an anecdote that seems to me adapted 
to the forwarding of what I have, just here, in view. 

In 1866, Y<m know, I made a typonomic survey of the 
Erie archipelago. I had, for some years before, (You 
have been told,) been closely studying the fauna and 
the flora of this country, North and South, and East and 
Wes1 . and making a new study also of its landscapes, as 
aid discern them in what I had used myself to call 
mind's-eye view." Among the many books which 
I had used to help my view, is Draper's Thoughts on the 
Futon Civil Policy of America. But this I had perused 
most guardedly, remembering the warning Dr. Holmes 
had given inc. as well as the completely scientific and 
therefore n< iiy cautious frame of mind with which 



Type and Types. 19 

I had. before receiving Dr, Holmes's warning, prosecuted 
typonomical research. 

At Pvt-In-Bay (or South Bass) Island, the most inter- 
esting member of the Erie archipelago, r lectured, by 
* . outlining Typonomy, describing typonomic met b- 
3, and referring to many results of my typonomic 
specially to results of the typonomic sur- 
vey 1 lia<l just been making in the Erie archipelago, 
ong my tearei lly unknown to me, was one of 

sting men I ever met. I mean Capt. John 
>wn, Junior, son of the John Brown whoso over- 
toil] noble heroism was exhibited at Earp< 
Ty, in 1 s -V». A patriotic utterance [made whilst so 
y, caused the Captain to start to his feet, and 
. in an exceedingly marked way. I natu- 
rally ii" him ; and he at once appeared to me an 
tly studyable Typ< 
He came to me when I had closed the Lecture, and was 
made known to me by "mine host." He earnestly re* 

. if possible, the purpose I had 
utioned in my Lecture of departing, for the mainland 
I >hio, the next day. and very cordially invited me to 
le with him, at Ins expense, whilst 
ild make me better acquainted with the archipel- 
He Baid, in substance : "Yon already know m< 
than any other person who has merely visited it, 
within my knowledge; but I" am not only a Wine- 
grower — I am also 8 Bui and \ can acquaint you 
h these islands as no other can, I have no doubt \ 
1 T would greatly like to have that privilege 
I changed my plans and purposes, and was the Cap- 

talK was full of intei 
1 added not a little to my typonomic informal ion, 

I nothing loth, I 
' him much a work on which I w, ged, — 

a literary monume len, and. at the same 

tin,- ibution to American Nomolo 

lly in the division of it which I called T ay. 

He always ap] >atly more than willing er, 

.- when I ' it what I>r. Bu< banai 



20 Type and Types. 

Anthropology distinguishes as Sarcogonomy, and when I 
made American Geology, which I had studied rather 
thoroughly, the subject of our conversation, which con- 
it ly grew more and more of typonomic drift and 
daily grew more interesting to both talkers. 

[ pronounce him now as tine a Type as I have broken 
bread with ranee the death of him in special memory of 
whom T nearly always use my literary pen. To Captain 
John Brown, Junior, I shall always feel obliged and 
grateful; and, on his account as well as on many other 

' units. I shall not fail to give due honor to his father's 
memory. 

Was John Brown insane when he resolved to take the 
hazards of his Harper's Ferry Enterprise? 

To this extremely interesting and, at one time, greatly 
mooted question, I had given not a little study when I 
found myself engaged in daily talk with Capt. John 
Brown, Junior, nineteen years ago. I have devoted not 
a little study to the matter since that time. And now I 
venture to declare, that, in my judgment, John Brown's 
Harper's Ferry Enterprise was not devised by a Madman, 
though, if I err not respecting it, it had its origin in an 
excessive sense of Duty. 

You and your dear Mother were with me at Put-In- 
Bay Island, at the time just spoken of; and you have 
\vn me that your mind retains a measure of remem- 
brance of the place and of Capt. John Brown, our re- 
spected and beloved host. Your Mother had a great re- 
gard for him and for his honored wife. 

In my Discourse, at Howard University, on Jural In- 
tiSy while I was in the Walker Case, I said: "With 
objects which I cannot think my hearers will consider 
selfish or immodest, I record the fact, that, on the 19th 
day of October, 1879, (that is to say, of a Sunday,) The 
ubUe, edited by Mr. Kamsdell and put forth at Wash- 
ington, had the temerity — nay, the audacity — to call me 
a Philosopher! Good Heavens! what is to befall me 
next? Why, Mr. Kamsdell, being evidently -on the 
rampage/ and intending to destroy me wholly, not in 
politics alone, but likewise in the line of my profession — 



Type and T>/pes. 21 

called me other names of heavy hurting force, lie said 

of me: - The Judge is an hones! man, a very able lawyer, 

strong writer; 1 deny all that, and call for perfect 

pro< But now it seems to me thai 1 may venture to 

admit : 

That if] am not at least "indifferent honest/ 1 [ 
have a considerable inclination to be upright ; 

- >nd: That it' I am not k *a very able Lawyer," I am 

fain to own that 1 have tried, with might and main, for 
m<>re than tive-and-fort v wars to be a Lawyer ^i' that 
T .v 

Third: That I have much written with intent to write 
with force; and 

irth: That, it" not a Philosopher in point of knowU 
. I am a Philosopher in point of character^ at least to' 

the extent that 1 am not w * a pipe for Fortune's finger to 
nd what stop she pleases.'' If my "blood and judg- 
ments' 1 are, sometimes, not just so " well commingled " 
gjhl to be,] feel a reasonable certainty, that, 

for the in >Sl part, I am ready to hear calmly, and right 

Uy, all that comes to me because of my devotion to 
what seems to me I), voir. 

I do not like, indeed, to be subjected to the ridicule 
n of mere Fools, like most of my Maligners, or of 

nits like Murat Ealstead, or like White- 
lav, but I cannot, in general, be very much dis- 
hy any turn of my experience experience, in 
very singular, down to this day of 
mory. 
I h. 3t now, great need of all my Strength and 
all my Standing, my dear Son. 

I n liieji mani 

themselves in Faith and Morals, in this country and 

In l iid. in an ( >pen Let ter to Senator Than 

which, i r. never has been published i 

■ l ■ rong blendii 1 pride rn- 

arch of ( liuu It -till appe 

I ol l I trdcr of 



22 Type and Types. 

Poor, and to the Suffering, whether rich or poor, or neither 
indigent nor opulent. 

-The ever too rhetorical and generally oratorical Macaulay 
cheaply glorified the historicalness of the Church that joins 
together the two great ages of human civilization — the only 
institution left standing which carries the mind back to the 
times when the smoke of sacrifice rose from the Pantheon, and 
when eamelopards and tigers bounded in the Slavian amphi- 
theatre. No such melo-dramatic effects as those designed as 
well as produced by the sentences referred to, can be necessary 
to arouse or to exalt the reverential pride and love with which 
a Catholic, who is at home in history, may contemplate the 
triumphs and the sorrows of the oldest and yet youngest of 
the Christian Churches. As for me, it never was because the 
proudest royal houses are hut of yesterday when compared 
with the line of the Supreme Pontiffs, that T found myself 
almost as much in wonder as in love with that historic Church. 
The fact that that line is, even by Protestants, traced back, in 
an unbroken series, from the present Pope to the Pope that 
crowned the first Napoleon, and from that unhappy Pope to 
him who put the crown on the head of Pepin, never had for 
me half so nmch interest as the facts which come into dis- 
tinction, when one traces the long history of Practical Philan- 
thropy, as devoted to the honor and glory of God by the 
Church of which I have been speaking so sincerely but so un- 
satisfactorily." 

Not long ago, I put into an Open Letter to yourself, 

dear Son, the words : 

"You are aware, that I have often said, that if it were a 
possibility that one should be a Catholic without the Creed, 
J would be such a Catholic. I feel, now, very deep and 
rent affection for the Church that gave your Mother to my 
arm- in Marriage, and has blessed her way down to the 
Grave." 

Almost to my amazement, very soon after 1 addressed 
to You those words, I found, — one memorable morning, 
— that what Carpenter has called ''unconscious cerebra- 
."' bad, during the night just turned to day, shown me 
a wav back to the essential parts of Catholic American 
Belief! 

How I rejoiced — and how some of my Relatives re- 



T\/pe and ZJqx I 28 

joiced — at tliat great, wholly unexpected change in me! 

Bu1 I am deeply grieved by clearest indication^, that, 
when I feel ready to apply for Rgadmiesion to what I 
sincerely call "the Church of my affections," I may 
(mock, at least at firsl , in vain, 

II<»w 1 deplore the indications, (which have variously 
come to me,) that, when I shall regard myself as not un- 
ready to apply for Ueadniission to the Church, 1 shall be 
told that I am not entitled to the Restoration that I seek, 
1 need not try to even dimly intimate. But, my be- 
loved and respected Son, / shall insist; and, mark my 
words, this day!. 1 may begin a Battle more resolved, 
and not less energetical, thai] any of the many battles I 
haw fought in Church or in State. in the last forty j-ears. 
shall not daunt me. then, if f find the old nonsense 
on the subject of my modes of Thought and Feeling 
drawn into the work againsl my eftbrt to secure my 
rights, in things Politico-Religious, and in things belong- 
to 1 he sphere of Faith. 

In thai die of mine on Jural Interests,! used this' 

Lang 

•• Possibly, some of my hearers have to learn that Erskine 
3 much ridiculed because of free and frequent talk about 
himself and his performances. The very egoistic Cohbett 
- among the many writers who made sport of the great 
Ad\ large use of the decent, serviceable, but not always 

used pronouns of the first person. Cicero, who was un- 
questionably a pure patriot and true philanthropist, lias also 
lered a g \ like remark is applicable 

John Adams. Wa$ qo! franklin a philanthropist ami 
briot, and was he nut an autobiographic person, if he was 
at over-modes! people ••all an egotist? The poet 
undeniably loved man ami Kngland ; but he talked 
it himself q !v. 

impbell says thai Krskine tntry. 

J would no 1 any man that ever lived. I do, 

for Erskine that in- labors tor the intcre 
whi alls jural have not been surpassed by 

tdern tim< 

•• And 3 . this man was //"/'/ 

— y< ly mad* — not simply mad nor'-nor'-wvst. ami 






24 Type and Types. 

as yet to know a hearnshaw (or a handsaw) from a hawk ; — but 
simply, sheerly mad. 

- Scott added : 

"*] have heard him tell a cock-and-a-bull story of having 

D the ghost of his father's servant, John Barnett, with as 

much gravity as if he believed every word that he was saying/ 

"Quotha?! How unworthy of a mind like that of Scott a 
) BO mean and poor at Erskine's memory ! If Erskine was 
a madman, what was Scott himself? But neither of them was, 
in any sense, a madman, save as all of us, the sagest and the 
most sagacious not excepted, have, God help us! more or less 
nonsanity mixed with the simple nonsense that we ' wreak upon 
expression' in our daily lives. I never — 'that is 1 , hardly ever' 
— had mueh talk with any cultured man without discovering, 
somewhere about his bonnet, a big bee of some description ; 
and if, now and then, I think I hear a buzzing in my own, or 
find some loving and discerning relative or friend concerned 
about my bee, I don't on that account consider that my time 
has come to leave the Law. For it is very firmly that I hold 
with Dr. Haslam, where that rarely able and exceptionally 
interesting writer teaches that all men are subject, more or less, 
to veritable madness. 

*• That there was a bee in Erskine's bonnet is not, then, 
according to my view, to be denied. But Scott, in saying that 
the orator was 'positively mad,' may have been influenced at 
least a little by the fact thus rather grossly stated by Lord 
Campbell, not with the design I have in view: 'When Sir 
Walter Scott, with a view to profit rather than fame, published 
Paul's 'Letters to his Kinsfolk,' with some very indifferent 
verses to celebrate the battle of Waterloo, Erskine, sitting at 
table, came out with the following impromptu: 

" *0n Waterloo's ensanguined plain 
Lie tens of thousands of the slain ; 
But none, by sabre or by shot, 
Fell half so flat as Walter Scott.' " 

How much I think of Scott, I need not say; but he (as 
I expect to show hereafter, in this book,) had no more 
solid sanity than Erskine had. 

Returning, for a moment, to my own case, let rue put 
to you the question, whether, in your judgment, I have 
manifested an unsound opinion, touching the importance 
of my place and part in life? I own, I do not think that 



Type and Types. 25 

jrotff tlOW almost <*ag6d P." is, on that point, of unsound 

mind. 

Judge Alfred George Washington Carter, who, with 
Mr. Justice Matthews, (mm of the Supreme Court of the 
United States,*) was with me in the Courl of Common 
Pleas, at Cincinnati, quite "a-many years ago," wrote a 
not vcvy happy book, entitled The Ola Court House. In it 
he badly spoiled a really good Btory, ('/) of which a t rue re- 
lation may he given thus: 

I was the President Judge of the Courl of Common 

Pleas, at the time of the real facts. My friend, Tom 

Powell, brother <>t' the Painter, had earnestly advocated 
my election by the Legislature. When lie seemed about 
to he appointed Judge of the Superior Court, some Lead- 
ing members of the Bat*, who knew that I had influence 
with Tom, almost implored me, notwithstanding my quite 

natural reluctance, to persuade him not to allow himself 
to he made a Judge. I finally consented, and performed 
my trying task as well as I could. When I spoke of his 
. he said: 
•■ 1 believe, Mr. Warden, I am somewhat older than you 
were when you were made President Judge of the Com- 



rather clumsy fashion : 

Thomas (General Thomas) Powell was a curious example and specimen of 

unrewarded ambition. He was but a very young lawyer of the old com t house, having rome 

vs. But he came to the bar with the ambition Of a Napoleon Bona- 

. and expected to COnqner or die. He was tolerably able, as well an ambitious, and by 

appointment, be made once od assistant proeecuting attorney, for ■ single term 

of court. Be wai el direr! timee a candidate for the legislature, and at all times acandi* 
date f rernoi Benben Wood did appoint him once hie Adin- 

the milit ;i of the State — and thin was how he became, and was called 

Qeneiml Tpm rhumb, and much mightier with the 
I, than frith the pen, andnoi mighty In either, or all. Lawyet Warden 

was talking witli I iy wh--n the latter, then QUlte B fOnng man. wan . 

-•• would do 11 1 "I 

expostulated with Powell, and told him, he was too \ I the 

•■ • v. 

Didn't I, t): 

Why. I heli.. . 

the A ms a stnm] 

-t let the Almighty make the rail— I will at once respond— see if I 



26 Type and Types. 

moo Pleaa T wont for vou with all my might. I didn't 
toll you that you wore too young to be a Judge." 

- Thai is entirely true," responded I, "but it is not the 
wholi truth. / considered that I was too young, and said 
and 1 felt just what I said. You must remember this. 
1 yielded only when it was pointed out to me by such 
men as Vachel Worthington, so much my seniors, that 
my service afl a Deputy Clerk, at the Court-House Desk, 
while I was studying the Law, and after I had studied it 
for BOme time, might be regarded as making up, in a 
large measure, practically, for the lack of age. But, Tom, 
why should I not be fair with you? Your brethren of 
the Bar do not regard you as of a judicial turn of mind. 
They think, as I do, that you are a man of talents, and 
that if you desire to figure finely at the Bar and in Poli- 
tics, you can do so, and they are sincerely desirous, as you 
must know that I am, that you should succeed quite bril- 
liantly in all your reasonable enterprises. Let me show 
you clearly what I mean. 

" Suppose, now, — leaving out of view all questions of 
a constitutional cast, you could at once be President, with- 
out an instant's preparation. Take into consideration 
the high character and tremendous difficulty of the vari- 
ous responsibilities with which you would be charged at 
once." 

And then I rapidly set forth what I conceived to be 
the irUernational along with the simply national relations, 
rights, and duties, appertaining to the Presidency. There- 
upon I asked: "What would you do if you had to ac- 
cepl or to decline at once?" 

The answer ran: " I would accept the office, Sir." 

1 thus reported to the gentlemen at whose request I 
had appealed to him: "If the Almighty, being tired of 
governing the Universe, should give the slightest intima- 
tion of that fact, Tom would prepare to vault lightly into 
the vacated seat, and set the suspended worlds again 
a-whirling." 

At a reunion of residents of Washington who had 
been members of a Cincinnati Literary Society, I told 
that anecdote. Among the most attentive listeners, the 



Vypt and 7}//- . 27 

while, was Rutherford Burchard Haves. Did he suspect 
that I intended to offend him by the narrative ? 1 do 
not think he did; and certainly there was no malice in 
my purposes. I did, however, hope that the bit^story 
might assist some other things to set the President to 
thinking deeply of the light use he was making of his 
Presidential opportunities and powers, 
That 1 purposed no offense, I need no1 say to You, dear 

Sou. 

The President of whom I have just spoken, took from 

my own hands, and never chided me for handing to him, 

though I dare not swear he ready my Sketches of American 

■ — a very little book, indeed. Therein he might have 

d — perhaps, indeed, he did — r am inclined to think he 

ally read — the sentences: 

" I I<»\v is ir with the President? 

"He has hut little vanity. lie is, indeed, an over-modest 

Would tha* he might discover that it is his public 

duty to assert himself, in the full height and depth and breadth 

of lii- ability, which. I am sure, is great enough to make him 

an entirely admirable President ! If lie would do but that, he 

bainlj would he his own best successor. 

'•I have criticised him freely, and I feel that he has treated 
but ill; hut when I carefully review nil I have known of 
him. I find that I have still high hopes of his career. 

11 Bui can he be expected to give much attention to Diploma- 
cy time? 
The poet [a) who composed the motto of this booklet also 

11 ' Wise he must be who is Chief Magistrate 
By Fortune's favor or the will of Fate ! 
\\c in u-r be Uv.rnc 1, to a huge extent, 

i.v virtue of his being President. 1 

This \s not strictly true, perhaps; but, certainly ,* by vir- 
tue oi I President, 5 the 'author and finisher of treaties 1 
jht to take a very lively interest in the diplomatic honor of 

intry whose First ( iitizen he is. 
• !'.•. doing m>, ht would discover many opportunities for 
-* important to his country and likewise to other 

count ri< 

(a) My fictitious ntttti 



l!S Type and Types. 

What T have endeavored to address to our present Chief 
Magistrate, has probably not readied his eyes at all. I 
have pxid reason to believe that the composition of it 
was. \ irtually. writing for the Presidential waste-basket. 
But I am not in the least ashamed of what I have 
*ed to address to the Chief Magistrate. It has 

en, "all and singular," well meant; and it has not 
■u in the least presumptuous. 

I must go back 3 with brevity, to Capt. Walker's case. 

The sheer forgetfulness of Mr. Justice James, in that 

Be, led him to regard the matter as all before him, 
when the truth was, that he had stopped me in the pro- 
duction of testimony, so that I supposed, and could but 
suppose, that he had been perfectly satisfied that the 
decision was to be to discharge the relator ! I was thus- 
prevented from delivering an argument which would 
have been among the most important if not the best 
arguments of my whole life. 

For reasons quite above the level of competition for 
Business in my Profession, I may fitly say, that I had 
-on to believe in my preparedness to make a rather 
interesting and important argument in Capt. Walker's. 
( !ase ; and that Mr. Justice James had also ample reason 
to participate in that belief. Yet I do not forget at all 
the sometimes dastardly and generally vile attempts, 
which have been made, from time to time, since I be- 
came, perhaps, the " best abused " American not holding 
office, to break down my Professional Repute at Wash- 
ington. Hut, had I not too much indulged a certain 
sentiment respecting the Juridic Life which I discerned 
here, when I came to practice my Profession, and to 
h Nbmology, at this grand Capital, in 1873,1 could 
not have been injured as I have been since that time, 
ae my Profession is concerned. 

Oil all accounts, 1 now exceedingly regret the error 
Bed. 

Bn1 h>r that error, 1 would have been in the active 
Practice of the Law, not only in some directions hut in 
aff'directioi be Seat of Government, as I designed 

to be, when I came hither; and tin; silly stuff that has. 



/ pe <>u<i r ])jp> 29 

been ottered here, insinuating rather than fesserting thai 

I am, or may be, touched, if not more than touched, 
with the I><< in t?u Bonnet, would nol have been brdathed. 
Dear Son. the view of TVpe and Types here opened, 
naturally finds itself regarding Stab as well as Type. I 
think, the view, as it unfolds itself regarding Type- 
Production ami Type-Relations, as well as pointing oul a 
\ at diversity of TVpes — must make whatever showing 
:\- be needed on the subject ^\' my Mental Soundn* 
1 ilar infirmity made You long listen to my reading, 
when, but \'^v thai trouble, You would have been reading 

tor yourself. Yet, even thou, your eyes wore not so out 
Of order that You could not turn them somewhat to the 

rvice of your Art-Love. Ocular infirmity no Longer 
hinders You. Delight your love of Art, without re- 
ve that set by your so well settled tastes and 
hahits in the Practice of the Law. Despise the stand- 
ards <>f the Lawyers who disparage, <>r defame, your 
ther on account ^\' the lanxe compass of his Legal 
.dies and the Studies lie associates therewith. The 
Types of Lawyerhood and General Enlightenment I have 
held up to You will be completely justified as we 
ward in the way this Letter opens. 
Types of Place, with special reference to the Type 
g and Animals, including Man, must make no incon- 
siderable figure in this work. That pari of the va.-t sub- 
ore aware, exceedingly important Legal As- 
ts, which] have at least nol insufficiently attended 
ruction. 
Second shall set out with Plaa and Pi<mt. A 
y charming but a most important theme, dear Charles 
Ward* 



POSTSCRIPT. 

On the 15tfa day of October, 1886, I write a Postscript, which I 
lor rather carefully. 

ars ago, your Mother WtSki with me 
to tli» Nuptial Altar. II I ami aided me for almost 

■ crelv idle to attempt to set forth. 



30 Type and Types. 

But I may well acknowledge, in a special manner, how she cease- 
lessly inspired my efforts to do good, in my Profession, and beyond 
its very ample boundaries. 

Hoar Son, your Father's variously hindered and obstructed life, 

now greatly tried again, as it has been so often tried, by physical 

order, has. down to this day and hour, been, for the most part, 

but a Long succession of endeavors to do good to Causes, Persons, 

and Places. Mark, I but say of Endeavors, my dear Son. 

Why, then, has there been so much effort, on the part of Persons 
I have benefited, signally, to do me hurt, especially in my never 
more than equalled devotion to the Law? 

Whatever ought to be the answer, I give notice, now and here, 
to all my Undervalue^ that it will be well for them, if not for me 
and You as my Associate, if they can have u the virtue to repent 
and the energy to atone. " 

One of the recont undervaluations took place in and about the 
4 * Tyler Case." The fact that, instead of needlessly and foolishly 
calling in assistant Counsel in the presentation of the cases to 
tin 1 class of which that case belonged, I chose to make the Tyler 
case the leading one, and to suggest to Capt. Tyler to join me in 
the argument of it — not that I felt the need of any help whatever — 
has been most malignantly misrepresented by several persons, 
neither of whom I shall here name, just now. 

The case was very simple, and success in it involved no particu- 
lar credit to anybody. 

Quite a like remark is applicable to the Marshall Case, now pend- 
ing in the Supreme Court of the United States, in which case You r 
yourself, made a fine Brief, adopted by me, in the Court of Claims, 
and published in the Magazine, From Time to Time. No argument 
whatever, in addition to the substance of that Brief, is necessary to 
carry the case in the Supreme Court — perhaps, to-day, the best Ju- 
dicial Body in the World — if the case fan be carried at all. And yet, 
as one exceedingly provoking consequence of the nefarious work 
that has been done against me, in connection with the Tyler Case, 
I am embarrassed by suggestions (not by Clients but by u outsid- 
ers/') looking to the calling in of Associate Counsel in that very 
simple case ! 

But manage that whole matter as to You may deem well, dear 
Son. 

We must be patient, in respect to matters of that kind — indeed, 
respecting matters of all kinds — as we go forward in the march 
that we together make, in what appears to me the only fit direc 
tion of Ambition and Endeavor. 

POSTSCRIPT NO. 2. 

On Sunday morning, October 18, 1885, 1 add a second Postscript, 
which, I trust, will fully justify itself. 

I find occasion to set forth, that, from the Autocrat of the Break* 



7}/pc and T : ip . 31 

fast Fa&te, I read to your Brother, Ernest as well as to Your 
Mother and your Sisters, the following passage : 

kl Possibilities, Sir?— said the divinity-student; can't a man who 
says Haow f arrive at distinction? 

Sir,— ] replied,-— in a republic all things are possible. But the 
man with a future has almost of necessity sense enough to see that 
any odious trick of speech or manners must he got rid of. Doesn't 
Sidney Smith say that a public man in England never gets over a 

B6 quantity uttered in public life? Our public men are in little 

danger ^ this fatal misstep, as few of them are in the habit of In- 
troducing 1 .atin Into their speeches— -for good and sufficient reasons. 

But they are bound to speak decent English, — unless, indeed, they 
rough old campaigners, like General Jackson or General Tay- 
lor; in which case, a few scars on Priscian's head are pardoned to 
old fellows who have quite as many on their own. and a constitu- 
• thirty empires is not at all particular, provided they do not 
a in their Presidential Messages." 
My essentially educative story, At the Doctor's^ (which was almost 
built on the just-quoted sentences,) demonstrates, that, in excep- 
tional conditions, circumstances, and relations, even a New Eng- 
i may be astonished into exclaiming homo. And At 
ils<> turns attention on these words of Eluskin's Modi rn 
: ' k You shall know a man not to be a gentleman by the 
perfect and neat pronunciation of his words: but he does not j>r<- 
to pronounce accurately ; he does pronounce accurately; the 
krity is in the real (not assumed) scrupulousness.' ' 
Let me state for general Headers of my present offering, thai Ai 
yras designed to form a part of Ernest's amusement, 
blended with instruction, of a mainly typonomic character, while 
he was a Soldier, but while he continued to prepare himself for the 
life of an Advocate. 

The story was intended, after Ernest's death, to make part of 

the volume, I md the Flag he Followed, This is the same 

on which 1 worked at Put-ln-Ihiy Island, in li 

It yet remains unfinished; and I simply can not bring it to a 

close, for reasons which You can appreciate. But, you will be 

delighted to be told, that one of our most valued and respected 

Friends — one of the Friend- your Mother greatly loved and prized — 

has, at D vn way, 

supplied by me— a full history of Erne 

ions, using, 
for that pur] a to her advisable, some extracts from 

the | 

me a very blessed one, d< 

hen I tell Fou that the Friend 
her than Mrs. Emily Lee Shervi >m- 

j Writer, irho ined, I : to very high 

literary position. 



